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Von (1878) Chemische Briefe, C. F. Winter’sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig and Heidelberg, Germany Matson, P. , Parton,W. , Power, A. G. and Swift, M. J. (1997) ‘Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties’, Science, vol 277, pp504–509 Matteson, G. C. and Jenkins, B. M. (2007) ‘Food and processing residues in California: Resource assessment and potential for power generation’, Bioresource Technology, vol 98, pp3098–3105 Miyazaki,Y. (1697) Nougyou-Zennsho [Encyclopedia of Agriculture], vol 1, pp91–104, in 12-volume Nihon Nousho Zenshu [Complete Works of Ancient Agricultural Books in Japan], Nousangyoson Bunka Kyokai,Tokyo (in Japanese) 12 BIOCHAR FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Morley, J.
This decomposition releases the CO2 that was fixed by the plants back to the atmosphere. In contrast, transforming this biomass into biochar that decomposes much more slowly diverts C from the rapid biological cycle into a much slower biochar cycle (Lehmann, 2007b). Second, the biochar needs to be truly more stable than the biomass from which it was formed. This seems to be the case and is supported by scientific evidence (see Chapter 11). Several approaches have been taken to provide first estimates of the large-scale potential of biochar sequestration to reduce atmospheric CO2 (Lehmann et al, 2006; Lehmann, 2007b; Laird, 2008), which will need to be vetted against economic (see Chapters 19 and 20) and ecological constraints and extended to include a full emission balance (see Chapter 18).
E. The temperature ranges, however, under which these stages occur vary with feedstock. Heating rates and pressures are expected to have the second greatest influence since they affect the physical mass transfer of volatiles evolving at the given temperature from the reacting particles (Antal and Grønli, 2003; Biagini and Tognotti, 2003; Lua et al, 2004; Boateng, 2007). g. Brunauer, Emmett and Teller equation (BET) surface area, and micropore surface area and yield). They found the pyrolysis temperature to have the most significant effect, followed by pyrolysis heating rate.